Determination of Soil Erodibility Factor (K) In A Nickel Mining Site In Tubay, Agusan Del Norte

อาจารย์Jobelle J. Capilitan

School of Engineering, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines and School of Engineering, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines

อาจารย์Ian Dominic F. Tabañag

School of Engineering, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines and School of Engineering, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines

อาจารย์Evelyn B. Taboada

School of Engineering, University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000, Philippines

คำสำคัญ

nickel mine, open-pit mining, soil erodibility, USLE

บทคัดย่อ

Soil erodibility indicates the soil's innate susceptibility or resistance to erosive activity. It is one of the most crucial variables in estimating soil loss. The distribution of the soil's grain size, structural stability, permeability, and organic matter are all related to how easily the soil erodes. In an open-pit mining operation, soil erosion could lead to more severe problems resulting in land degradation and sediment transport affecting the nearby environment if left unmanaged. This study aims to estimate the soil erodibility, K, in Tubay, Agusan del Norte, Philippines, using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model with the application of QGIS for spatial erodibility visualization. The K estimations ranged from 0.016 to 0.066, were generally influenced by the soil particle distribution in the area. The region with the most silt concentration contributed to the highest K factor estimate.

reference

[1] Wu, B. (2017). Study on renewal strategy of ecological restoration in an abandoned mining area based on the view of loess civilization. Land Reclamation in Ecological Fragile Areas, CRC Press, 2017, pp. 51–53.
[2] Jha, M. K. (2020). Impacts of landscape changes on water resources, Water (Switzerland), 12(8), 10–15.
[3] Schmidt, T.S., Clements, W.H., Wanty, R.B., Verplanck, P.L., Church, S.E., San Juan, C.A., Fey, D.L., Rockwell, B.W., DeWitt, E.H. and Klein, T.L. (2012). Geologic processes influence the effects of mining on aquatic ecosystems, Ecological Applications, 22(3), 870–879.
[4] Brevik, E.C., Pereira, P., Muñoz-Rojas, M., Miller, B.A., Cerdà, A., Parras-Alcántara, L., and Lozano-García, B. (2017). Historical Perspectives on Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management. Soil Mapping and Process Modeling for Sustainable Land Use Management, (2017), 3 - 28.
[5] Frey, S.K., Gottschall, N., Wilkes, G., Grégoire, D.S., Topp, E., Pintar, K.D.M, Sunohara, M., Marti, R. and Lapen, D.R. (2015). Rainfall-Induced Runoff from Exposed Streambed Sediments: An Important Source of Water Pollution. Journal of Evironmental Quality, 44(1), 236–247.
[6] Hu, X.F., Jiang, Y., Shu, Y., Hu, H. Liu, L. and Luo, F. (2014). Effects of mining wastewater discharges on heavy metal pollution and soil enzyme activity of the paddy fields. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 147, 139–150.
[7] Rašković, B., Poleksić, V., Skorić, S., Jovičić, K., Spasić, S., Hegediš, A., Vasić, N. and Lenhardt, M. (2018). Effects of mine tailing and mixed contamination on metals, trace elements accumulation and histopathology of the chub (Squalius cephalus) tissues: Evidence from three differently contaminated sites in Serbia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 153, 238–247.
[8] M. Ramli, Purwanto, M. Thamrin, Maemuna, M. and Asrafil, M. (2020). Analysis of Soil Erosion on Mine Area. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 875(1), 1 - 8.
[9] Wu, J.Q., Conrad, P.W., Dun, S., Todd, C.S., McNearny, R.L., Elliot, W.J., Rhee, H. and Clark, P. (2015). Impact of surface coal mining on soil hydraulic properties. Transactions of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, 338, 381–392.
[10] Salehi-Varnousfaderani, B., Honarbakhsh, A., Tahmoures, M. and Akbari, M. (2022). Soil erodibility prediction by Vis-NIR spectra and environmental covariates coupled with GIS, regression and PLSR in a watershed scale, Iran, Geoderma Regional, 28. e00470.
[11] Ostovari, Y., Ghorbani-Dashtaki, S., Kumar, L. and Shabani, F. (2019). Soil erodibility and its prediction in semi-arid regions. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 65(12), 1688–1703.
[12] Huang, X., Lin, L., Ding, S., Tian, Z., Zhu, X., Zhu, X., Wu, K. and Zhao, Y. (2022). Characteristics of Soil Erodibility K Value and Its Influencing Factors in the Changyan Watershed, Southwest Hubei, China. land, 11(1), 134.
[13] Wischmeier, W.H. and Smith, D. D. (1986). Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses. Washington D.C.: Superinten.
[14] Kulikov, M., Schickhoff, U., Gröngröft, A. and Borchardt, P. (2020). Modelling soil erodibility in mountain rangelands of southern Kyrgyzstan, Pedosphere, 30(4), 443–456.
[15] Auerswald, K., Fiener, P., Martin, W. and Elhaus, D. (2014). Use and misuse of the K factor equation in soil erosion modeling: An alternative equation for determining USLE nomograph soil erodibility values. Catena, 118, 220–225.
[16] Okorafor, O. O. Akinbile, C.O. and Adeyemo, A.J. (2018). Determination of Soils Erodibility Factor ( K ) for Selected Sites in Imo State, Nigeria, Resources and Environment , 8(1), 6–13.
[17] National Institute of Hydrology. (2017). Hydrological Modeling – Current Status and Future Directions. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77, 242, 2017.
[18] Almasalmeh, O., Saleh, A. A. and Mourad, K. A. (2021). Soil erosion and sediment transport modelling using hydrological models and remote sensing techniques in Wadi Billi, Egypt. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 8, 1215 - 1226.
[19] Rajbanshi, J. and Bhattacharya, S. (2020). Assessment of soil erosion, sediment yield and basin specific controlling factors using RUSLE-SDR and PLSR approach in Konar river basin, India. Journal of Hydrology, 587, 124935.
[20] Pijl, A., Reuter, L. E. H. , Quarella, E., Vogel, T. A. and Tarolli, P. (2020). GISbased soil erosion modelling under various steep-slope vineyard practices. Catena, 193, 104604.
[21] Gee, G. W. and Or, D. (2004). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods. Vadose Zone Journal, 3(2), 722–723.
[22] United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (1987). USDA Textural Soil Classification. Soil Mechanics Level I Module 3 - USDA Textural Soil Classification. pp. 1–53.
[23] Hoogsteen, M. J. J., Lantinga, E. A., Bakker, E. J., Groot, J.C.J. and Tittonell, P. A. (2015). Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: Effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss. European Journal of Soil Science, 66(2), 320–328.
[24] Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E. (2018). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods, 5,. 961–1010.
[25] Schoeneberger, P. J., Wysocki, D. A., Busskohl, C. and Libohova, Z. (2017). Landscapes, Geomorphology, and Site Description. Retrived from https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ref/?cid=nrcs142p2_054 252.
[26] Khanchoul, K. and Boubehziz, S. (2019). Spatial Variability of Soil Erodibility At El Hammam Catchment, Northeast of Algeria. Environment & Ecosystem Science, 3(1), 17–25 .
[27] Madubuike, C. N., Nwachukwu, P. I., Emerson, K. U. and Asuzu, C. C. (2020). Comparative Assessment of Selected Erodibility Indices for Erosion Prediction of Soils of Imo State, Southeast, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch, 5(5), 198–209.
[28] Kumar, S. and Kushwaha, S. P. S. (2013). Modelling soil erosion risk based on RUSLE-3D using GIS in a Shivalik sub-watershed. Journal of Earth System Science, 122(2), 389–398.
[29] Radziuk, H. and Switoniak, M. (2020). Soil erodibility factor (K) in soils under varying stages of truncation. Soil Science Annual, 72(1), 1–8.
[30] Ghosal, K. and Das Bhattacharya, S. (2020). A Review of RUSLE Model. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 48(4), 689–707.
[31] Institute of Water Research (IWR), RUSLE - K factor. Retrived from http://www.iwr.msu.edu/rusle/kfactor.htm (accessed 04 Mar., 2022).
[32] Milligan, T. G. and Law, B.A. (2013). Contaminants at the sediment-water interface: Implications for environmental impact assessment and effects monitoring. Environmental Science and Technology, 47(11), 5828–5834.
[33] Chileshe, M. N., Syampungani, S., Festin, E.S., Tigabu, M., Daneshvar, A. and Odén, P.C. (2020). Physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metal concentrations of copper mine wastes in Zambia: implications for pollution risk and restoration. Journal of Forestry Research, 31(4), 1283–1293.
[34] Shirani, M., Afzali, K. N., Jahan, S., Strezov, V. and Soleimani-Sardo, M. (2020). Pollution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Jazmurian playa in southeast Iran. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–1.
[35] Wang, Z., Yeung, K.W.Y., Zhou, G.J., Yung, M.N., Schlekat, C.E., Garman, E.R., Gissi, F., Stauber, J.L.,iddleton, E.T., Wang, Y.Y.L. and Leung, K.M.Y. (2020). Acute and chronic toxicity of nickel on freshwater and marine tropical aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 206, 111373.
[36] Binet, M.T., Adams, M.S., Gissi, F., Golding, L.A., Schlekat, C.E., Garman, E.R., Merrington, G. and Stauber, J.L. (2018). Toxicity of nickel to tropical freshwater and sediment biota: A critical literature review and gap analysis. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 37(2), 293–317.
[37] Bartzas, G., Tsakiridis, P.E. and Komnitsas, K. (2021). Nickel industry: Heavy metal(loid)s contamination - sources, environmental impacts and recent advances on waste valorization. Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health, 21, p. 100253.
[38] Daguil, R. C., Matias, J. B., Japitana, M. V. and Santillan, M. M. (2015). MAP4RM: An online mapping service for mining stakeholders in Mindanao. In Proceedings of ACRS 2015 - 36th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing: Fostering Resilient Growth in Asia, pp. 1–4.
[39] Chen, S., Zhang, G., Luo, Y., Zhou, H., Wang, K. and Wang, C. (2021). Soil erodibility indicators as affected by water level fluctuations in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. Catena, 207, p. 105692.
[40] Tian, Z., Liu, F., Liang, Y. and Zhu, X. (2021). Mapping soil erodibility in southeast China at 250 m resolution: Using environmental variables and random forest regression with limited samples. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 10(1), 62–74.

ดาวน์โหลด PDF